By Joan Alsina Ferrando – VICON Method therapeutic team
Although to understand the ABA methodology, its origins, bases and foundations, and thus be able to explain the protocols and the main variables for its implementation, it is necessary to consult an extensive bibliography, and here we offer you a brief introduction.
First of all, it is essential to understand that the English acronym “ABA” corresponds to “Applied Behavior Analisys” , or what is the same, “ Applied Behavior Analysis” in Spanish. Specifically, it is a discipline or scientific approach that studies the environmental variables that influence socially significant behavior and develops and implements practical and applicable procedures for behavior change (Baer, Wolf and Risley, 1968).
The ABA methodology is in any case an evidence-based science . In this sense, there are replicated studies from which the theoretical basis and also its praxis can be understood. Currently, there are internationally approved qualifications that endorse professionals who dedicate themselves to this field.
Baer and his colleagues (1968) published the seven dimensions of Applied Behavior Analysis in the Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis (JABA), these being the following:
1.- Behavioral: The intervention must be based on observable and quantifiable behaviors.
2.- Applied: Professionals in the field must focus on socially significant behaviors.
3.- Analytical: Each intervention must demonstrate a functional relationship between the implemented procedure and the result in the modification of behavior (in its improvement in any case).
4.- Technological: A procedure must function as a “recipe”, being described in detail in order to be replicable. Thus providing clarity and precision for its implementation.
5.- Conceptually systematic: Interventions must be based on the basic principles of behavior analysis.
6.- Effective: The intervention must provide an improvement in the individual's quality of life to be considered “effective.”
7.- Generalizable: Behavior change is resistant to the passage of time, as it is shown in contexts other than the training context, and extends to other behaviors.
Although the ABA methodology as a model is not perfect, it is continually evolving, both in terms of replicability studies and specific aspects of its practice, such as studies related to specific areas of development. For this reason, we should or, although it is highly recommended, aspire that any intervention applied in the field of behavior is based on these seven foundations and scientific faith in its practice.
J.Alsina, May 5, 2021.
You can read other articles related to the ABA Methodology here:
- Why is the ABA intervention model so effective?
- Why and how should learning in ABA be generalized?
- What's behind an ABA Intervention Program?
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